​

2023: In a monkey model of HIV, long-term low-dose THC reduced neuroinflammation, enhanced endocannabinoid levels & helped the gut-brain axis via the promotion of neuroprotective gut bacteria
Cannabinoids modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis in HIV/SIV infection by reducing neuroinflammation and dysbiosis while concurrently elevating endocannabinoid and indole-3-propionate levels
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36890518/

​

2023: In white blood cells, the anti-inflammatory effects of CBD combined with extracts from the noni plant
Anti-inflammatory Effect of a Combination of Cannabidiol and Morinda citrifolia Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264 Macrophages
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36881078/

​

2023: In lung immune cells, THC & CBD reduced the expression of pro inflammatory cytokines via the CB2 receptor
Receptor-mediated effects of Δ9 -THC & CBD on the inflammatory response of alveolar macrophages
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36510483/

​

2023: In people living with HIV, CBD lowered inflammation via alteration to the expressions of genes in bone marrow cells
Oral CBD treatment is associated to an anti-inflammatory gene expression signature in myeloid cells of people living with HIV
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.23285761v1.full.pdf

​

2022: In kidney cells, CBD increases the antibiotic power of the drug gramicidin
Cannabidiol increases gramicidin current in human embryonic kidney cells: An observational study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35913948

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2022: CBD extract works well with antibiotics to kill salmonella
Cannabis sativa CBD Extract Exhibits Synergy with Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics against Salmonella typhimurium
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202209.0143/v1

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2022: Against two types of salmonella, CBD was as effective as ampicillin
Cannabis sativa CBD Extract Shows Promising Antibacterial Activity against Salmonella typhimurium and S. Newington
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35566019

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2022: CBD shows promising combination with the antibiotic polymyxin B against Gram-negative bacteria, especially the Klebsiella pneumoniae which causes pneumonia
Potential cannabidiol (CBD) repurposing as antibacterial and promising therapy of CBD plus polymyxin B (PB) against PB-resistant gram-negative bacilli
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35440801/

​

2022: In mice with lupus, PEA helped with inflammation in a variety of situations via Toll receptors
Comprehensive lipidomics of lupus-prone mice using LC-MS/MS identifies the reduction of palmitoylethanolamide that suppresses TLR9-mediated inflammation
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35485445/

​

2022: In a mouse model of fibromyalgia, low-THC cannabis oil reduced sensitivity to pressure & heat as well as reducing depressive behaviors
Broad-spectrum cannabis oil ameliorates reserpine-induced fibromyalgia model in mice
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35988425

​

2022: In a mouse model of sepsis (an extreme immune reaction to an infection), CBD suppressed the inflammatory cytokine storm & protected the heart & kidneys from injury
Cannabidiol Suppresses Cytokine Storm and Protects Against Cardiac and Renal Injury Associated with Sepsis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36594988/

​

2022: Against salmonella, using CBD rich extracts to enhance the anti-bacterial activity of broad-spectrum antibiotics
Cannabis sativa CBD Extract Exhibits Synergy with Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics against Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serovar typhimurium
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36557613

​

2022: In human neutrophils (first-responder white blood cells), CBD inhibited expression of the COX-1 & COX-2 enzymes (responsible for pain & inflammation, a pathway used by NSAIDs like aspirin & ibuprofen)
Effect of Cannabidiol on Cyclooxygenase Type 1 and 2 Expression and Function in Human Neutrophils
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35930236

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2022: In human immune & cardiac cells exposed to an inflammatory agent (a model of sepsis leading to cardiac arrhythmias), CBD protected against the inflammation & arrhythmias via inhibition of inflammatory cytokine release, antioxidant & anti-apoptotic effects (cellular suicide) & via the cardiac sodium channels
Anti-inflammatory effects of cannabidiol against lipopolysaccharides in cardiac sodium channels
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35906756

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2022: In mice with gut inflammation & colitis, THC & CBD inhibited inflammatory macrophages (mobile white blood cells) & improved clinical scores - with cannabis extracts working better than isolated molecules
Differential Effects of D9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)- and Cannabidiol (CBD)-Based Cannabinoid Treatments on Macrophage Immune Function In Vitro and on Gastrointestinal Inflammation in a Murine Model
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35892693

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2022: In immune cells, the acid form of the cannabinoids (especially CBDA & CBGA) potently blocked calcium channels to lower T-cell activation & inflammation
Acidic Cannabinoids Suppress Proinflammatory Cytokine Release by Blocking Store-operated Calcium Entry
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35910331

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2022: In humans, 8 weeks of CBD had no negative effects on the levels of blood immune cells or natural killer cells
Eight Weeks of Daily Cannabidiol Ingestion Does Not Alter Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Profile or Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity
https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.0R810

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2022: In human lung cells & white blood cells that modelled the cytokine storm of COVID-19, CBD & THC alleviated the cytokine storm by modulation of the inflammasome
Cannabinoids Alleviate the LPS-Induced Cytokine Storm via Attenuating NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling and TYK2-Mediated STAT3 Signaling Pathways In Vitro
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/9/1391

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2022: In patients with autoimmune disorders, melatonin & CBD combined well to decrease autoantibody production
Neuroimmune Therapy of Autoimmune Diseases with the Pineal Hormone Melatonin Plus Cannabidiol and its Effects on Auto-Antibody Secretion
https://api.asclepiusopen.com/storage/articles/crn/volume4-issue1/crn-4103.pdf

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2022: In people living with HIV, CBD & THC seem to be safe & well tolerated though at high levels of CBD, care should be taken with liver toxicity
Safety and Tolerability of Oral Cannabinoids in People Living with HIV on Long-Term ART: A Randomized, Open-Label, Interventional Pilot Clinical Trial (CTNPT 028)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36551926/

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2022: In white blood cells battling HIV, CBD changes the expression of several genes related to the immune system & inflammation while a long-term CBD treatment reduced the spread of the virus
Cannabidiol modulates expression of type I IFN response genes and HIV infection in macrophages
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36248834

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2022: In blood immune cells, activating the CB2 receptors helped to lower inflammation

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a CB2 Selective Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist: Signaling and Cytokines Release in Blood Mononuclear Cells

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35011295/

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2022: In a mouse model of approach & avoidance to fearful stimuli, the ECS worked with the immune system to control inflammation in the amygdala (a central brain hub for emotional processing, especially fear) as well as modulating synaptic plasticity & neuronal metabolism

Transcriptomic and Network Analyses Reveal Immune Modulation by Endocannabinoids in Approach/Avoidance Traits

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2538

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2022: In a mouse model of peanut allergies, an activator of the CB1 receptor reduced immune system activation & promoted a healthy response

The cannabinoid WIN55212-2 impairs peanut allergic sensitization and promotes the generation of allergen-specific regulatory T cells

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34995385/

​

2021: In a rat model of osteoarthritis, PEA reduced knee joint swelling, cartilage degradation & inflammatory markers

Anti-inflammatory activity of palmitoylethanolamide ameliorates osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate in Sprague-Dawley rats

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34468900/

​

2021: In human immune cells, treatment with CBD significantly lowered pro-inflammatory cytokines

Cannabidiol selectively modulates interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 production in toll-like receptor activated human peripheral blood monocytes

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0300483X21003383

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2021: In cells, these researchers looked at extracts from male & female hemp plants & found that female plants rich in CBD showed the greatest anti-inflammatory activity & the most improved function of the mitochondria (powerhouse of the cell)

Immune Responses Are Differentially Regulated by Root, Stem, Leaf, and Flower Extracts of Female and Male CBD Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Plants

https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5601/1/4/25/htm

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2021: In lung immune cells, the CB2 receptor is an important modulator of airway inflammation

Cannabinoid Receptor II engagement promotes ILC2 expansion and enhances ILC2-dependent airway hyperreactivity

https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(21)01556-6/fulltext

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2021: In the blood of dogs, they measured the effects of CBD & found it to be anti-inflammatory & immuno-modulating

Effect of Cannabidiol (CBD) on Canine Inflammatory Response: An Ex Vivo Study on LPS Stimulated Whole Blood

https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/8/9/185

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2021: In a cellular model of MS, activating the CB2 receptor caused potent immunomodulation of the T-cells (immune cells that attack foreign material)

Potent T cell mediated anti-inflammatory role of the selective CB2 agonist lenabasum in multiple sclerosis

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34543449/

​

2021: In human white blood cells, CBD caused anti-inflammation at low doses & cytotoxicity at high doses

Cannabidiol-Driven Alterations to Inflammatory Protein Landscape of Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Macrophages In Vitro May be Mediated by Autophagy and Oxidative Stress

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/can.2020.0109

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2021: In mice where an injection of bone marrow cells caused graft-versus-host disease (where the body is rejecting a graft), CBD reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulated the immune system & increased CB2 receptors in the intestines

CANNABIDIOL ENHANCES INTESTINAL CB2 RECEPTOR EXPRESSION AND ACTIVATION INCREASING REGULATORY T CELLS AND REDUCES MURINE ACUTE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE WITHOUT INTERFERING WITH THE GRAFT-VERSUS-LEUKEMIA RESPONSE

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33658314/

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2021: In a variety of immune cells, activating the CB2 receptors lowers inflammation

Characterization of Subtype Selective Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Agonists as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agents

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/4/378

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2021: In mice with varicocele (a disorder of the veins taking blood away from the testicles, a major cause of human infertility), PEA helped via the PPAR-α receptors (nuclear receptors that control genetic transcription)

The Nutraceutical N-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) Reveals Widespread Molecular Effects Unmasking New Therapeutic Targets in Murine Varicocele

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/734/htm

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2021: In humans with osteoarthritis in their knees, treatment with radon therapy seemed to help by raising levels of anandamide

Endogenous anandamide and self-reported pain are significantly reduced after a 2-week multimodal treatment with and without radon therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33649972/

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2021: In rats, CBD combined with bioflavonoids seems a strong combination for treating osteoarthritis

Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol Alone and in Combination with Standardized Bioflavonoid Composition

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33570460/

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2021: In a survey of humans with osteoarthritis in their hips & knees, a quarter of them endorsed the use of CBD products

Prevalence of Cannabinoid Use in Patients With Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7861619/

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2021: In a rat model of osteoarthritis, activating the CB2 receptor helped to control pain & bone degeneration

CB2 agonism controls pain and subchondral bone degeneration induced by mono-iodoacetate: Implications GPCR functional bias and tolerance development

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33482616/

​

2021: This survey of patients with fibromyalgia found that the majority used CBD products to discontinue their use of NSAIDs, opioids, gabapentanoids & benzos. They saw improvements in health, pain, memory & sleep

Substituting Cannabidiol for Opioids and Pain Medications Among Individuals with Fibromyalgia: a Large Online Survey

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33992787/

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2021: This survey of patients with fibromyalgia finds that over 30% use CBD  for pain, anxiety, and sleep & "~30-40% reported much or very much relief across symptom domains"

Cannabidiol Use for Fibromyalgia: Prevalence of Use and Perceptions of Effectiveness in a Large Online Survey

https://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(20)30117-6/fulltext

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2021: In a survey of 2,701 fibromyalgia patients, found that CBD helped with symptoms

Cannabidiol Use for Fibromyalgia: Prevalence of Use and Perceptions of Effectiveness in a Large Online Survey

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33400996/

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2021: In 38 humans with fibromyalgia, cannabinoids were helpful

Medical cannabis for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: a retrospective, open-label case series

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33597032/

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2020: In female humans with fibromyalgia, exercise increased anandamide & 2AG

Increased Anandamide and Decreased Pain and Depression after Exercise in Fibromyalgia

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32168104/

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2020: In a cellular model of graft vs host disease, the CB2 receptor plays a critical role in regulating disease progression

Signaling Through the Type 2 Cannabinoid Receptor Regulates the Severity of Acute and Chronic Graft versus Host Disease

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33027805/

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2020: In cells, signaling by 2-AG in the glial cells (immune cells of the brain) inhibits dopamine signaling

Dopamine enhances the glial endocannabinoid signaling

http://www.jsbms.jp/english/publish/5-1_ochi.pdf

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2020: In neutrophils (innate immune cells), activating the cannabinoid receptors could help with bacterial sepsis

LPS-mediated Neutrophil VEGF-A Release Is Modulated by Cannabinoid Receptor Activation

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32573828/

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2020: In the islet cells of the pancreas (producers of insulin), THC & CBD both helped to reduce the level of free radicals

Cannabinoids as anti-ROS in aged pancreatic islet cells

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024320520307190

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2020: In immune cells, CBD decreased the viability of cancer cells and protected the killer cells

High Expression of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 on Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells and Multiple Myeloma Cells

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32471216/

​

2020: In mice, CBD altered the differentiation of immune cells which "may be beneficial in various macrophage-driven inflammatory disorders"

Cannabidiol alters macrophage differentiation resulting in accumulation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and dendritic cells

https://www.jimmunol.org/content/204/1_Supplement/63.9.abstract

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2020: In human monocytes (a type of white blood cell), the anti-inflammation effects of CBD are mediated by modulation of the P2X7 inflammasome receptor

Inhibitory Effect of Cannabidiol on the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Associated with Its Modulation of the P2X7 Receptor in Human Monocytes

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32374168

​

2020: In kids with celiac disease, CB2 may be a target to reduce their bone loss

The Role of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 in the Bone Loss Associated With Pediatric Celiac Disease

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33093370/

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2020: in microglial cells, CBD potently inhibited proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and that of glutamate, a noncytokine mediator of inflammation via NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production and NF-κB-dependent signaling events – also found that the ability of CBD to prevent glucose uptake also contributes to anti-inflammatory effect

Cannabidiol prevents LPS-induced microglial inflammation by inhibiting ROS/NF-κB-dependent signaling and glucose consumption

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31647138

​

2020: "CBD is an efficacious treatment for behavioural and neurochemical changes in a female rodent model relevant to schizophrenia"

Cannabidiol improves behavioural and neurochemical deficits in adult female offspring of the maternal immune activation (poly I:C) model of neurodevelopmental disorders

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159119302806?via%3Dihub

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2019: Regular exercise increase cannabinoid receptor expression in certain immune cells

Chronic exercise modulates the cellular immunity and its cannabinoid receptors expression

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31738771

​

2019: a case report of CBD helping with skin graft

A Case Report of the Benefit of Cannabidiol (Cannabidiol (CBD)-Predominant Medical Cannabis Preparation) in the Management of Refractory Skin Graft Vs Host Disease (GVHD)

https://ashpublications.org/blood/article-abstract/134/Supplement_1/5687/425473

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2019: In chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia, the complicated pharmacokinetics of THC & CBD for pain reduction

An experimental randomized study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30585986/

​

2019: In mouse bone-marrow transplantations, both THC & CBD decrease activated lymphocyte proliferation and affect cytokine secretion – but via different pathways – inhibition of lymphocyte reconstitution is via CB2 – also tested a full cannabis extract (both high-THC & high-CBD) and both did better than pure cannabinoids

Cannabinoids Reduce Inflammation but Inhibit Lymphocyte Recovery in Murine Models of Bone Marrow Transplantation (or)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6387311/

​

2019: in cell cultures, CBD blocks inflammation of the brain's immune cells

Cannabidiol prevents LPS‐induced microglial inflammation by inhibiting ROS/NF‐κB‐dependent signaling and glucose consumption

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/glia.23738

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2019: In mice, a lack of CB2 receptors caused more inflammation & affects white blood cell recruitment

Cannabinoid receptor 2 deficiency exacerbates inflammation and neutrophil recruitment

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30799631/

​

2019: in cell cultures, CBD blocks inflammation of the brain's immune cells

Cannabidiol prevents LPS‐induced microglial inflammation by inhibiting ROS/NF‐κB‐dependent signaling and glucose consumption

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/glia.23738

​

2019: in cell culture, a cannabis extract rich in CBD inhibited migration of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), reduced production of reactive oxygen species & TNF-α

A Novel Standardized Cannabis sativa L. Extract and Its Constituent Cannabidiol Inhibit Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Functions

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31013912

​

2019: in elderly mice, β-caryophyllene lowered pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-23) & improved working memory

The cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist, β-caryophyllene, improves working memory and reduces circulating levels of specific proinflammatory cytokines in aged male mice

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31173795

​

2018: in mice with spinal cord injuries, 10 weeks of CBD injections lowered inflammatory cytokines & decreased T-call invasion to injury – no effect on locomotionor bladder function – helped with thermal sensitivity

The non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) attenuates pro-inflammatory mediators, T cell infiltration, and thermal sensitivity following spinal cord injury in mice

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29784129

​

2018: In humans with lupus, 2AG levels are altered

Endocannabinoid system in systemic lupus erythematosus: First evidence for a deranged 2-arachidonoylglycerol metabolism

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29655919/

​

2017: CB2 intimately involved with B cell activation

Regulation of Cell Surface CB2 Receptor during Human B Cell Activation and Differentiation

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28364261

​

2017: in tissue culture, CBD robustly suppressed responder T cell proliferation via induction of functional Tregs

Cannabidiol (CBD) induces functional Tregs in response to low-level T cell activation

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27865421

​

2017: in rats, administering lipids with THC & CBD increased their uptake – CBD the more immunosuppressive

Oral administration of cannabis with lipids leads to high levels of cannabinoids in the intestinal lymphatic system and prominent immunomodulation

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29109461

​

2016: in immune cells of the lungs, CB1 & CB2 change blood vessel formation around tumors

Human lung-resident macrophages express CB1 and CB2 receptors whose activation inhibits the release of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26467187/

​

2016: In rats with fluid accumulation in the lungs, activating the CB2 receptor enhanced protection & immune response

Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Agonist Attenuates Acute Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema by Preventing Neutrophil Migration after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26463937

​

2016: In keratinocytes, anandamide inhibits the proinflammatory T Cells via CB1

Anandamide Suppresses Proinflammatory T Cell Responses In Vitro through Type-1 Cannabinoid Receptor-Mediated mTOR Inhibition in Human Keratinocytes

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27694494

​

2015: in humans, 300 mg/kg of CBD helped with the transplantation of blood stem cells in those with leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome

Cannabidiol for the Prevention of Graft-versus-Host-Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Results of a Phase II Study

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26033282

​

2015: in mice, CBD enhanced PPARγ transcription & thus mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells from bone marrow stem cells

Critical Role of Mast Cells and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in the Induction of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by Marijuana Cannabidiol In Vivo

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25917103

​

2015: in mice with malaria, CBD treatment prevented memory deficits, decreased anxiety, increased BDNF in the hippocampus, decreased proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus (TNF-α) and prefrontal cortex (IL-6)

Cannabidiol increases survival and promotes rescue of cognitive function in a murine model of cerebral malaria

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25595981

​

2014: in a model of a human colon, CBD & AEA reduced IL-17A which is linked to inflammatory bowel disease

Interleukin 17A evoked mucosal damage is attenuated by cannabidiol and anandamide in a human colonic explant model

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24238999

​

2014: in mice, endocannabinoids found to activate the CB1 receptors on mast cells in induce MCP-1 (a cytokine chemoattractant that regulates white blood cells) and recruits myeloid-derived suppressor cells (immune cells originating from bone marrow stem cells)

Characterization of endocannabinoid-mediated induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells involving mast cells and MCP-1

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24319288

​

2014: in mice with induced spinal disc injury, CBD decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines associated with T-cell differentiation and invasion – most helpful for regaining thermal sensitivity

Protective effects of cannabidiol on lesion-induced intervertebral disc degeneration

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25517414

​

2014: In rat lung injured by paraquat, CB2 activation protected the lungs via inflammatory cytokine levels

CB2 receptor activation ameliorates the proinflammatory activity in acute lung injury induced by paraquat

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24963491

​

2014: in mice, AEA caused significantly less inflammation after an insult and reduced production of IL-17 and IFN-γ, decreased RORγt expression, and induced IL-10 - which triggered miRNA that targeted proinflammatory pathway)

Anandamide attenuates Th-17 cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity response by triggering IL-10 production and consequent microRNA induction

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24699635

​

2013: in T-cells, CBD decreased production of proinflammatory IL-17 & decreased IL-6 (a key factor in Th17 induction) – CBD & THC did not affect the levels of TNFα and IFNγ – downregulation of IL-17 did not seem to involve the CB1, CB2, PPARγ, 5-HT1A or TRPV1 receptors – CBD a potent inducer of IL-10, one of the main anti-inflammatory cytokines restraining disease progress

Cannabinoids decrease the th17 inflammatory autoimmune phenotype

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23892791/

​

2013: CB2 & the white blood cells

Differential expression of intracellular and extracellular CB(2) cannabinoid receptor protein by human peripheral blood leukocytes

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299999

​

2013: in mice with pulmonary inflammation, CBD enhanced the production of proinflammatory cytokines via gene transcription

Cannabidiol (CBD) enhances lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammation in C57BL/6 mice

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23173851/

​

2013: In mice with lung injuries, inhibition of MAGL led to increased 2AG levels & anti-inflammatory effects

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition attenuates acute lung injury in mice

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24204926/

​

2013: In humans with celiac disease, higher levels of CB1 & CB2 are found when the disease is active, suggesting a potential target

Altered expression of type-1 and type-2 cannabinoid receptors in celiac disease

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23620805/

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2012: In humans with celiac disease, they have higher AEA levels in their muscoa

Abnormal anandamide metabolism in celiac disease

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22209002

​

2012: In rats with meningitis, injections of CBD reduced TNF-α in the frontal cortex & prevented memory impairment

Cannabidiol reduces host immune response and prevents cognitive impairments in Wistar rats submitted to pneumococcal meningitis

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23085269

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2012: In mice with acute lung injury, CBD decreased inflammation via the adenosine receptor

Cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic plant-derived cannabinoid, decreases inflammation in a murine model of acute lung injury: role for the adenosine A(2A) receptor

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22265864

​

2011: in mice with autoimmune hepatitis, activation of TRPV1 by CBD lowered inflammation & recruited myeloid-derived suppressor cells to protect the lover & suppress the hepatitis

Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in amelioration of experimental autoimmune hepatitis following activation of TRPV1 receptors by cannabidiol

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21483776

​

2010: in mice, CBD reduced inflammatory reactions after insult - suppressed the infiltration of T cells and macrophages, and the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α (two pro-inflammatory cytokines) – IL-10 enhanced

Cannabidiol attenuates delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions via suppressing T-cell and macrophage reactivity

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21042286

​

2009: in macrophages, CB1 activation increased inflammation via reactive oxygen species production & activation of CB2 suppressed it via Rap1 activation

CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors differentially regulate the production of reactive oxygen species by macrophages

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19596672/

​

2009: in mice infected with severe lung disease Legionella pneumophila, a look at how CB1 & CB2 mediate the many immune effects

CB(1) and CB(2) cannabinoid receptors mediate different aspects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced T helper cell shift following immune activation by Legionella pneumophila infection

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18792785

​

2008: in cell cultures, CBD suppressed T cell function, IL-2 and IFN-gamma production (via activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcriptional activity) - CBD suppressed the T cell-dependent anti-sheep red blood cell immunoglobulin M antibody forming cell (anti-sRBC IgM AFC) response

The profile of immune modulation by cannabidiol (CBD) involves deregulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18656454

​

2008: in humans with fibromyalgia, increasing AEA levels may be helpful

Anandamide and neutrophil function in patients with fibromyalgia

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18395993/

​

2008: in guinea pigs with asthma, activation of the cannabinoid receptors helped to prevent symptoms

Activation of cannabinoid receptors prevents antigen-induced asthma-like reaction in guinea pigs

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18266975/

​

2007: In humans with celiac disease, AEA, PEA & CB1 levels were increased

Overactivity of the intestinal endocannabinoid system in celiac disease and in methotrexate-treated rats

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17396241

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2007: in mice, after insult, CBD caused less IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma as well as antibodies - proliferation of splenocytes also suppressed

Suppressive effects of cannabidiol on antigen-specific antibody production and functional activity of splenocytes in ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17466911

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2007: CBD & mast cells

Cannabidiol, unlike synthetic cannabinoids, triggers activation of RBL-2H3 mast cells

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17339608

​

2007: how CBD blunts neuroinflammation

Cannabidiol in vivo blunts beta-amyloid induced neuroinflammation by suppressing IL-1beta and iNOS expression

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17592514

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2007: in mouse model of autoimmune eye disease, CB2 activation lowers inflammation and inhibits autoreactive T cells and stop leukocytes going to inflamed tissue

Anti-inflammatory property of the cannabinoid receptor-2-selective agonist JWH-133 in a rodent model of autoimmune uveoretinitis

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17537989

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2006: CBD & immunosuppression

Inhibition of an equilibrative nucleoside transporter by cannabidiol: a mechanism of cannabinoid immunosuppression

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16672367

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2000: In a mouse model of arthritis, the effects of CBD

The nonpsychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol is an oral anti-arthritic therapeutic in murine collagen-induced arthritis

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10920191

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1998: In cell cultures, early work on how THC & CBD alter cytokine production

Delta9 tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol alter cytokine production by human immune cells

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9858061

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